"What is 'spectral acceleration' in structural analysis?"
I would say that this is the ordinate on a response spectrum plot which gives the acceleration of a one-degree-of-freedom system with a certain natural period subjected to the ground motion represented by that response spectrum.Link to Quora question (and answer/s) is here.
If I used, say, a design response spectrum prescribed by ASCE 7–10, and I am looking at the Mode N response of a certain structure, the spectral acceleration is the ordinate on that ASCE 7–10 design response spectrum corresponding to the natural period associated with the structure’s Mode N.
If I used, say, a response spectrum that represents one direction of the classic El Centro Earthquake ground motion instead, the spectral acceleration is then the ordinate on that response spectrum corresponding to the natural period associated with the structure’s Mode N. (A design response spectrum is sort of a simplified envelope for multiple expected ground motions at a site.)
When the ASCE 7 or IBC refers to the short-period spectral acceleration, Ss, this is the ordinate on the ASCE 7–10 design response spectrum (for Site Class B, 5% damping, and corresponding to the MCE at that specific site) corresponding to a building or structural natural period equal to Ts (i.e., the design short period for that location).
When the ASCE 7 or IBC refers to the 1-second spectral acceleration, S1, this is the ordinate on the ASCE 7–10 design response spectrum (for Site Class B, 5% damping, and corresponding to the MCE at that specific site) corresponding to a building or structural natural period equal to 1 second.
The PGA (peak ground acceleration) is the spectral acceleration at a period equal to zero seconds (i.e. a rigid or very, very, very stiff structure).
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